Scientific Director & Chief Editor
Komla M. Avono (Ph.D.)
ISSN 2710-4699 Online
3 issues per year
Education and Orality: The Socialization of the Child in Traditional Moaaga Society
Abstract: Education is one of the major foundations in African societies. In the sense that his relationship with orality creates the conditions for socialization of the child in a traditional Moaaga environment. From family development to the adult phase through initiations, the child rubs shoulders with various stages of life. These family, community or clan ties create a kind of symbiosis for his upbringing. Traditional education aims to make the child acquire social, cultural and ethical values. These values constitute an immense treasure transmitted from generation to generation by word, action, oral tradition. Based on these values, one wonders how this socialization of the child manifests itself in the traditional Moaaga environment? Does oral tradition contribute to this education? It is around these questions that we will address the manifestation of traditional education in the Moaaga environment on the one hand and on the other in its relationship with oral tradition.
Keywords: Education, Oral Tradition, Child, African
Fuel Fraud in the Distribution Sector in the City of Abidjan, Republic of Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract: The objective of this study is to explain fuel fraud in the city of Abidjan. The essentially qualitative study was based on documentary research coupled with field surveys based on individual interviews. The fuel distribution industry has been plagued by a wave of major fraudulent practices for decades. The results highlight that a network of traffickers, through mechanisms, diverts large quantities of fuel and through multiple transport vectors, penetrates the market. This fraud, which has reached remarkable growth, has consequences for both the national economy and that of the oil industries, without ignoring the harmful effects on the health of users.
Keywords: Fraud, Fuel, Taxes, Network, Smuggling, Trafficker
Resilience to Drug Use Among Students in Abobo, Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract: This study aims to identify the factors of resilience to drug use among students in Abobo in Côte d’Ivoire. The field survey was conducted among 130 selected students using the non-probabilistic method and by reasoned choice. Data collection was carried out through observation, questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The mixed analysis of the data collected highlighted the link between individual, family and social factors, and resilience to drug use among students in Abobo. It appears that the dynamic interaction between individual, family and social factors helps explain the level of resilience to drug use among some students in Abobo. These results highlight the urgency and need to integrate psychoeducation in order to change drug users’ perceptions of themselves and to involve the family and friends in the design of strategies in their care.
Keywords: Resilience, Drugs, Self-Image, Social and Family Supports, Abobo
The Contribution of Social Psychology to the Primary Prevention of Radicalization Leading to Violence in Northern Togo
Abstract: Over the past ten years, radicalization leading to violence has become a major concern for all countries, whether developed or developing. In parallel to the military response and because of its limits, prevention has emerged as an indispensable supplement, making it possible to attack the roots of this violence at individual, family and community level; as has been the case in Togo since the advent of terrorist attacks in its northern part, in November 2021. Through the present study, we propose to show the substantial contribution that the Transtheorical Approach of Prochaska and al. (1995) a theory of social psychology, to the understanding of the process of radicalization and the identification of behavioral levels to be activated in order to prevent the population of the far north from becoming radicalization.
Keywords: North Togo, Primary Prevention, Social Psychology, Radicalization
Impact of Regulations Against the Illegal Export of Cashew Nuts on Buyers in the Gontougo Region (Côte d’Ivoire)
Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of Ordinance No. 2018-437 of May 03, 2018 on the repression of the marketing and illicit export of agricultural products subject to approval on buyers in the context of marketing Cashew. It is based on a field survey of 50 individuals chosen using the purposive sampling method. The data collected was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Gary Becker’s economic theory of crime and Raymond Boudon’s rational choice theory have made it possible to understand the object of study. The hypotheses tested are verified because in terms of results, it appears that raw cashew nut buyers are always attracted by the remunerative prices offered by Ghanaian buyers or exporters based in Ghana and then voluntarily transgress the ordinance repressing the illicit export of cashew nuts. to attract the attention of rulers. The Ivorian rulers would therefore benefit from taking incentive measures to encourage the sale of cashew on Ivorian territory and work to improve the regulatory texts according to social evolution.
Keywords: Impact of the Regulations, Control, Illegal Export, Buyer, Marketing of Cashew
The Paradox of Voting Instability and Its Consequences in Togo
Abstract: At the beginning of the 1990s, some African countries experienced socio-political crises, which led to the restoration of the multiparty system characterized by the organization of competitive elections. In West Africa, after three decades, statistics indicate that with the exception of Togo, elections have led to political alternations in all countries. These alternations result from an instability of the electorate of the parties in power either in favor of an opposition party or in favor of an independent candidate. The lack of alternation in Togo does not reflect the stability of its electorate. From 1990 to 2020, presidential election statistics show that the Togolese electorate is also unstable. However, this instability produces a paradoxical effect by strengthening the party in power. This article analyzes the determinants of the paradox of instability and its implications in Togo. The methodology adopted is a combination of documentary research with qualitative research. The results reveal that the paradox induced by the instability of the vote comes from the crises within the political parties, the electoral offer and the emergence of new electoral issues. This paradox constitutes a barrier to alternation.
Keywords: Conjuncture, mobility, supply, paradox, rationality, strategy and vote
Entry Profile of Student-Teachers in Pedagogical Training and Animation Centers and Their Adaptation to Learning in Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract: This study focuses on the entry profiles of student teachers in teacher training centers and their capacity to adapt to learning in Ivory Coast. It looks at the possible influences of the various learning adaptation factors in order to explain the different profiles of student teachers at the end of their training. We believe that the more continuous the schooling of student teachers, the better their ability to adapt to learning. The questionnaire and the interview were the preferred instruments for collecting data from 250 student teachers in the Pedagogical Animation and Training Centers (CAFOP) of Korhogo. The results obtained show that there are three profiles of pupil-teachers: (i) learners with uninterrupted schooling have a good capacity to adapt to learning, (ii) pupil-teachers with an interruption in their schooling of between zero and five years have some difficulty in adapting to learning and (iii) those with an interruption in their schooling of between five and more years have enormous difficulty in adapting to learning. All the information underlines the usefulness of being aware of the effectiveness in the selection of the best profiles of student teachers within the CAFOP in Côte d’Ivoire in order to ensure them a good pedagogical training for a better care of the children.
Keywords: Profile, student teacher, training, adaptation, CAFOP
Youth, New Epidemics, and Public Health in Burkina Faso: From Ebola to COVID, the Persistence of Conspiracy Fears
Abstract: Before covid-19, Ebola in West Africa (2014-2016) is an opportunity to question the representations of new epidemics. Educated young Africans open to new information technologies are social markers for understanding health messages. An anthropological study conducted in 2016 in Ouagadougou on the representations of 93 young people in school shows that their main sources of information (internet, social networks, television, online press), mark their perceptions characterized by the theory of the conspiracy of “Whites” for the control of “Blacks,” questioning the health responses.
Keywords: Ebola, Bird-Flu, Covid, Burkina-Faso, Conspiracy
The Aesthetic of Form and Color in Aristotl
Abstract: The work of Aristotle, immensely rich and bequeathed to posterity, is a work full of relationships. Thus, any analysis of particular subjects in the work of the philosopher of Stagira must take into account the existing relationships between the different themes. It is in this sense that the concepts of form and color have aesthetic meanings when analyzed. As for the form, it has in addition to its metaphysical connotation an aesthetic sense that emerges in the theories of symmetry, proportion and limited. Concerning the color, Aristotle’s thought goes beyond the simple classification of the different colors and the indication of the cause of their diversity to enlighten on its importance for the perception (vision). Also, the color has to do with the pleasant one and causes a pleasure of aesthetic type. Moreover, Aristotle’s aesthetic approach to form and color is entirely valid.
Keywords: Beauty, Color, Aesthetic, Shape, Material, Pleasure, Symmetry
From Diglossia to an Ethno-Stylistic and Polyphonic Approach to Writing in Olympe Bhêly-Quenum’s Work
Abstract: Olympe Bhêly-Quenum writes in contact with a complex linguistic universe. He also writes in a context where a language must convey another culture. Language being par excellence the pillar of the identity, cultural dimension, all writing therefore manifests a cultural mark. We can then wonder what culture conveys the language of writing in a literary diglossia. In other words, the question that arises here is how to render a real, even fictional, with systems of languages and therefore of thoughts that collide in the writing being, Olympe Bhêly-Quenum.
Keywords: Diglossia, Nativization, Lexicalization, Relexification, Sociolinguistics of the Text
Vodùn Rites in the Literary Creation of Olympe Bhêly-Quenum
Abstract: The literary creation of Olympe Bhêly-Quenum is a real immersion in the culture of his land. This immersion in Beninese culture is observed through the presence of certain cultural practices such as vodùn rites. The present work focuses on the contribution of these vodùn rites in quenumian literary creation. It emerges from the study that Bhêly-Quenum uses vodùn rites, including the rites of birth, initiation, blood pact, etc. as means of creation, of narration, of aesthetic an ideological expression.
Keywords: Rite, Vodùn, Culture, Literary, Creation
Unconscious Spatial Reading for Self-Placement: Bigger Thomas in Richard Wright’s Native Son
Abstract: This paper hypothesizes that ‘space’ often has a prominent impact on its residents in the sense that it can construct and deconstruct their identity. This article aims at retracing, in Native Son (N.S.), first, how its author, Richard Wright, causes Bigger to dislike his new living space in the white neighborhood, second, how Bigger is made to develop an inclination for the same white neighborhood, and third, how the author strategizes the embodiment of the idea of an interracial nation. Psychoanalysis is the theoretical approach used to scrutinize the work and bring the reader to discover the nature of human interaction with his environment, be it virtual or real. The paper is structured around three parts: first, Bigger’s dialogue with the real-life America and his aversion for the white neighborhood, second, Bigger’s dialogue with the virtual white neighborhood and his choice to accept it. The final section will elaborate on the making of a multiracial nation.
Keywords : Space, Identity, Psychoanalysis, Interracial, Self-Placement
The Doctrinal Causes of the Current Religious faith Crisis in United Kingdom
Abstract: This work is an analysis of the causes of the decline of religious faith in British society through the birth and emergence of new doctrines and concepts such as capitalism, the Enlightenment, science and reason. As indicated throughout this work, the emergence of new philosophies must be considered as the main causes of the decline of religion in British society because it has encouraged British society questioning things that were never questioned before. Today, with the emergence of the religious faith crisis in the United Kingdom, many questions arise about its causes and its consequences. On the basis of these changing realities in the area of religious faith and practice, this article is very important because it tries to underline the doctrinal causes of this phenomenon. To conduct this work, we decided to adopt two different methodological approaches: a descriptive approach and an analytical approach which allowed us to present and analyze the two different parts. The descriptive approach allows us to describe how the birth of new doctrines is impacting religion in British society and an analytical approach which is a particular type of research and involves critical thinking and evaluation of facts and information emanating from this phenomenon.
Keywords: Crisis, Religion, Doctrine, Reason, Christianity
Structural Perspective on Selected Social Protest Poems by Hughes: A Formalist Reading
Abstract: This study examines the artistic nature of three of Langston Hughes’s social protest poems: “Beaumont to Detroit: 1943”, “Harlem” and “I, Too.” Oppression, injustice, hypocrisy and resistance are issues in every human society around the world – from the developed world to the underdeveloped world. For instance, in Africa, the recovery from colonization and the upsurge of neocolonialism have set social protest as a necessity in all institutions. The academia has had its own constant question about the subject of protest, which in the case of Langston Hughes includes putting injustice, oppression, hypocrisy and resistance into conversation. The study considers the linguistic, literary and structural representation of these themes. I found that the pronouns, nouns and verbs are the dominant linguistic representations of these subjects. Whereas the nouns label the characters and places in the text, the pronouns classify these characters in the texts into two groups – the oppressor and the oppressed. These are demonstrated through the use of tropes such as historical allusions, metaphors, similes and others. The verbs set these characters and the setting in the world of the text into action. There are two generic actions throughout all the three poems. These are physical and mental actions. The oppressors enact the majority of physical actions verbs with the oppressed enacting much of the mental verbs and few of the physical action verbs. In addition, the verbs frame the time of occurrences of these actions in the past, present and future time – creating a systemic wheel of oppression, injustice, hypocrisy, and resistance. It is from this period that the themes discussed have current relevance.
Keywords: Form, Formalism, Harlem Renaissance, Hughes, Social Protest Poem