Scientific Director & Chief Editor
Komla M. Avono (Ph.D.)
ISSN 2710-4699 Online
3 issues per year
Motorcycle-Related Crime in the Cities of Abidjan and Bouaké
Abstract: Urban violence perpetrated by individuals on motorcycles is a new phenomenon in Côte d’Ivoire. And yet, Ivorians, until the armed rebellion of 2002, favored travel by car and sometimes on motorcycles under the presuppositions of the time, which saw the use of two-wheeled vehicles as synonymous with poverty. Little by little, the use of motorcycles as a means of transportation will creep insidiously into the behavior of populations. Aside from the traffic accidents to which these new acrobats will be exposed all day long, the use of motorcycles will encourage a new form of crime. These delinquents, armed with knives and sometimes with firearms, attack populations with incredible violence to appropriate their property and base themselves in nature on their two-wheeled machines.
The objectives of this study are to show the effective existence of the motorcycle theft phenomenon and the urgency of treating it in order to prevent it from taking root in Ivorian society, as was the case with “children in conflict with the law “. To achieve these objectives, data collection tools relating to quantitative and qualitative approaches in particular, documentary research, an interview and a questionnaire were called in and the results clearly show that the phenomenon of motorcycle thieves is a reality that creates turmoil among the populations
Keywords: Urban violence, Motorcycle, Delinquents, Crime-Sense of insecurity.
Cyberviolence and the Need to Integrate Digital Literacy into Primary and General Education Curricula in Togo
Abstract: It has often been said that the illiterate of tomorrow is the one who has no computer skills. Thus, public WIFI offers young people the opportunity to practice on WhatsApp, Facebook, etc. either through trial and error or through their peers. If there are among them who have talents at communicating through cybernetics, there are those who are victims of cyber violence. However, the school does not have any program in this direction to enable these young people to have minimum skills in Information and Communication Technology in Education for their socio-professional integration. This work aims to show the need for computer programs for primary and general secondary education students in Togo. We believe that a program adapted to each level of study improved the profile of the citizen to be educated in relation to the purpose of the Togolese education system. A documentary study and interview with educational actors in the field such as teachers and their students, inspectors of the education system prove this need.
Keywords: Learning, Computer, Cyberviolence, Teaching.
The Anti-Pandemic Security Force in the Face of COVID-19 in Togo
Abstract: The years 2020-2021 have marked and continue to mark the spirits by the surprising health crisis of which the whole world is officially unaware of the causes. Scientifically referred to as coronavirus by some and Covid-19 by others, the pandemic threatening the world has led most political leaders to declare their country at war with an invisible enemy. Since then, political actors around the world have continued to use rhetoric or better still the military metaphor to justify the urgent measures they are taking to stem this health crisis. The objective of this article is to provide an understanding of the meaning of the concept of health warfare, the military management of the pandemic, the fields of intervention of the armed and security forces mobilized in the context of the health crisis in Togo and the perception of civilians of this security mission. The qualitative approach used made it possible to highlight the use of the expression health warfare as a rhetoric intended to incite the social body to uniqueness of action, thus prohibiting the democratic treatment of what divides it during the crisis period. The emanation invites him to concentrate efforts on the common enemy who wants to destroy the usual ways of living. The research came to the conclusions that while the mobilization of the armed forces was beneficial in enforcing the barrier measures enacted within the framework of the declared state of emergency and, in providing disaster relief, there were numerous violations of human rights observed by the civilian population whose authors are elements of FOSAP.
Keywords: Health crisis, Covid-19, Health War, FOSAP, Civilian Population.
Resilience and Social Reintegration of COVID-19 Survivors in the Gbêkê Region (Côte d’Ivoire)
Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has led to many changes in the lifestyles of populations. The people who suffered from it faced reintegration difficulties. The objective of this study is to analyze their resilience strategies to live in harmony with those around them after the pathological episode. The study is qualitative and favors reasoned choice and the snowball technique for the selection of respondents. It concerned eleven (11) people who suffered from covid-19 and who were declared cured after a period of confinement and treatment. The results showed that people who suffered from Covid-19 and declared themselves cured were subject to prejudice and stigma that disrupted their relationships with others. They affirmed to mobilize their own aptitudes to overcome the difficulties which are of an economic, identity and relational nature. Local aid resources were also an important contribution through social networks.
Keywords: Pandemic, Covid-19, Resilience, Reintegration, Sociability.
Professional Recognition and Work Motivation
Abstract: Motivation is one of the most relevant factors in the psychosocial analysis of companies today. There are several motivation levers, among others: working conditions, the remuneration system and management strategies including clear and transparent communication and professional acknowledgement. This last notion is an important factor in mobilizing human resources and an essential element if the right balance is to be found between organizational efficiency and the well-being of workers (Siegrist). The objective of this study was to understand work motivation as a function of professional acknowledgement. We therefore hypothesized a relationship between acknowledgement and motivation at work. In order to verify this hypothesis, we conducted a survey of one hundred and six (106) agents of several security companies using the work acknowledgement scales of Fall and work motivation of Blais and al. This study shows that acknowledgement have different effects on demotivation at work. While corporate acknowledgement does have an impact on demotivation (r = 0,399; p =0,000), the same cannot be said for acknowledgement from superiors (r = 0,086 et p = 0,382) and acknowledgement by peers (r = 0,186 et p = 15,37).
Keywords: Professional Acknowledgement, Motivation at work, Companies
Implementation of the Competency-Based Approach (CBA) in French Language Teaching and Its Impact on Learner Academic Performance in Benin: The Case of the General Education College Houéyiho in Cotonou
Abstract: This research examines the conditions for implementing the Competency-Based Approach in the teaching of French in general education in Benin and the effect it has on learner performance. The aim is to analyze at the level of French teachers the quality of the administration of the APC in their teaching practices. The reasoned choice method is used with questionnaire, interview and observation techniques with 78 participants. The results reveal four main obstacles to the application of PCA among those teachers who reported almost 100% that the objectives of applying the Competency Based Approach were not being met. The main causes are the bloated number of learners and the lack of modern and well-stocked libraries.
Keywords: Competency, Based Approach-French Teaching, Teacher-Learner.
Predicting and Explaining Party Switching: An Exploratory Study Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.
Abstract: The present study, carried out on 270 women and men, uses the model of the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985), to predict the change of political party. The latter is actually predicted by attitude, subjective norms and behavioral intention. On the other hand, perceived control does not seem to have any statistically observable role. Membership in a political party follows the same rules as other types of groups, namely identification, utility and cohesion. The negative representation of the change of party would be due to external attributions not taking into account individual realities and sometimes having a monetary character..
Keywords: Change of Political Party, Theory of Planned Behavior
Knowledge and Management of Mental Illness by Traditional Healers Among the Moba People in Northern Togo
Abstract: This research aims to take stock of the knowledge and management of mental illness by traditional healers in Moba country in northern Togo through the understanding of cultural aspects in order to better design modern care. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that affected 87 people carried out in the prefecture of Tône from March 14 to September 14, 2016. Mental illness is defined as a supernatural disorder of reasoning and behavior. The causes mentioned are mystical-religious, biological and toxic. Psychotic disorders are the best known compared to anxiety and mood disorders. They are curable by plants associated with the use of sacrificial ceremonies and rituals by witch doctors. Patients pass from traditional healers to health facilities in the event of dissatisfaction or from health workers to traditional healers in “black disease” situations. Mental illness remains a cultural illness for the Moba. Traditional understanding by caregivers will improve patient adherence to modern medical practices.
Keywords: Perception, Mental Illness, Moba, North-Togo
Lived Experience of Chronic Illness Among Hypertensive Patients Monitored at CHU Campus in Lomé
Abstract: The occurrence of a disease that cannot be cured even if it can be cured, breaks the fluid experience of time. High blood pressure is a long-lasting, progressive condition often associated with disability. The objective of this research was to assess the experience of chronic disease in hypertensive patients followed at the CHU Campus de Lomé. Data were collected by semi-structured interview and processed with Sphinx statistical software and the logical-semantic method of content analysis. At the end of the study, we found a favorable experience in 66.7% of cases marked by an experience of the disease as a means of appreciating the value of life. The pejorative experience manifested itself as an experience of the disease through a feeling of persecution (44.4%). In view of the results of this study, it is important to systematically offer psychological care to hypertensive patients to improve their experience of the disease and their quality of life.
Keywords: Chronic Disease, Hypertension, Psychological Care.
Psychosocial Factors Influencing Voluntary Skin Depigmentation Among Women in Lomé
Abstract: The present study aims to identify the psychosocial factors associed to voluntary skin lightening practices. It was carried out in the district of Grand Lomé on 320 women, aged 21 to 60, who have been voluntarily lightening their skin for at least 6 months. A questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used to collect the data. The results show that the main psychosocial factors are the desire to feel beautiful, the desire to look like friends or models, the spouse’s demand and mockery from those around them. In addition, most of the women have negative self-esteem.
Keywords: Psychosocial Factors, Skin Lightening, Body Image, Self-Esteem, Woman.
Perceived Quality of Health Care Services and Its Determinants: The Case of Hospital Centers in Lomé
Abstract: To determine the perceptions of users or clients remains a major challenge for researchers and managers in order to identify shortcomings and, in turn, develop strategies to improve the quality of services provided. This study aims at analyzing the perception of users in Lomé hospitals on the quality of the care they receive. To do this, a questionnaire was developed for this purpose and administered to 120 users of two hospitals especially CHU Campus and CHU Sylvanus Olympio in Lomé using the technique of “tout-venant” meaning the technique in which “all-commers” without any selection are questionned. The questionnaire administered was related to the perception of the process of reception, consultation, complementary examinations, purchase of products in pharmacy and health care. The results obtained show that the users questionned in hospital have a perception according to which it is necessary to “motivate” the health care agent in order to obtain a good service. The results also show that the quality of care provided depends on the reputation and appearance of the user.
Keywords: Users, Perceptions, Quality, Health Care, Provisions.
Elements for a Semiotics of Living Together in Africa Through the Participle Mode
Abstract: For about 60 years period which corresponds to the age of independence of almost all African countries, the continent has never ceased to be regularly shaken by socio-political crises. This social upheaval can be observed in the linguistic field. In the Côte d’Ivoire, French linguage, in contact with local languages, knows ab avatar from certain idioms through which it thrives. Thus, the Ivorians appropriate French by adapting it to their sensitivity, a means of communication essential to the needs of the expression of an ivorian thought. Moreover, this linguistic community, under the name of the Francophonie, has a common denominator in its idiom. The mode participates, perceveid as a linguistic wealth, constitutes the unifying element within this community. It is the common good of the entire Francophone community. It impose itself by the rigidity of its morphosyntactic canons as prescribed by the legislator of good use. This article aims to account for this idiom which constitutes a mark of living together in the sense of the French-speaking community.
Keywords : Participle, Standard French, Ivorian French, Nouchi, Living Together, French Community, Morphosyntactic.
Poetics and Exoticism in the Works of Victor Hugo and Koutchoukalo Tchassim
Abstract: Poetry is, in its mystical essence, a co-birth, a meeting between the poet’s inner world and the outside world, leading to a fruitful metamorphosis. On the path of the exploration of the real and fictional worlds, Victor Hugo and Koutchoukalo Tchassim stand in the field of great work with the use of rhythm, images of an exuberant lexicon of exotic landscape designations. Both poets have acquired a cosmic consciousness where there is no separation between the great self, homo maximus, and the world. On the one hand, beginning with Les plaies (2016) through Je ne suis pas que négatif (2017) and leading to Elle (2019), Tchassim, by witnessing a world of paradoxes, invites the reader to the table of a menu of words that leads them in a baroque universe, reflection of postmodernity. On the other hand, Hugo, one prominent figure of the romantic poetry, crosses in Les orientales, the western and eastern civilizations with the painting of the imagined oriental cultures. From a comparative perspective, Kenneth White’s geopoetic and Charles W. Morris’ semiotic approaches have permitted to discover both authors’ cosmocultural perception through their activist and humanistic poetic words.
Keywords: Comparative, Humanist, Geopoetics, Paradoxes, Poetic Speech, Semiotics
Praxéological Analysis of COVID-19 Posters: The Case of Ouagadougou
Abstract: The advent of COVID-19 has plunged the world into manifestly surprising vulnerability. The consequences extend to almost all walks of life. In the face of this deleterious climate, humanity is trying to react. Consequently, measures are being taken both globally, notably through the WHO, and nationally. Burkina Faso, like other countries, has, among other things, developed response strategies to try to contain the pandemic. This concerns in particular the declination of gestures or barrier measures and the exhortation to respect them, supposed to put an end in the long or short term to the chain of contamination of the disease. To achieve wide dissemination of these measures, several media supports have been used, among which can be cited, TV, radio, Internet, billboards. Among these media, television, display but also the Internet, in many cases, have the particularity, in their content (s) on COVID-19, of showing simultaneously, concomitant and interactive image and linguistics. The reflection initiated within the framework of this article is, in doing so, to ask whether such a configuration, which brings together image and language, does not have a particular added value in terms of effective “means of action” on the public.
Keywords: Pragmatics, Semiotic Practices, Urban Displays, COVID-19
Representations of Failure in Things by Georges Perec
Abstract: The theme of failure is made current by a very prolific 20th century literature which focuses on the human condition. And Georges Perec makes it a source that allows him to explore the specificities of a contemporary society that exclusively focuses on matter and possession. A perception which leads us to question the notion of failure which exposes the social and psychological vulnerability of singular characters. To nourish this reflection, we relied on the significance of the discourse of failure in his text Les choses; this favored the analysis of a fairly characteristic writing of objects and things.
Keywords: Incapacity, Inaction, Fatality, Loser, Negation
Diastratic Variation in Kabiyè, a Gur Language of Togo
Abstract: Linguistic homogeneity is a rare phenomenon that can be observed among speakers of a single language. The societal practice of a language such as Kabiye leaves room for linguistic heterogeneity characterised by a rather dynamic lexical variation between certain categories of speakers. So, what are the factors underlying such lexical variation? Taken as a whole of language contact phenomena but described from a lexicological perspective, this article takes as its substrate the diversity of neological and stylistic processes in all the categories observed. It considers diastratic variation as one aspect of lexical variation and the very basis of linguistic dynamics. Several variables both internal and external to languages and speakers are involved in this variation. The data underlying the present study were collected in the prefecture of Kozah from the different socio-professional categories of the population.
Keywords: Diastratic Variation, Lexical Creation, Kabiyè.
Grammar Intervention: Before or After Learner Production?
Abstract: Our remarks deal with the moment of the insertion of the teacher’s grammatical theoretical postulates before or after the learner’s production. We have tried to provide the beginnings of an answer. The learner’s basic questions allow the introduction of specific grammatical learning concepts which are directly related to their needs. Also, this is why the intervention of the teacher is recommended before the learner’s production, to locate and delimit the context. Notwithstanding this, a synthesis of the two approaches has been proposed, so as not to create a break in teaching / learning on the one hand between teachers and learners, and on the other hand, between the learners themselves.
Keywords:Grammatical Intervention,Learner-Production, French Grammar.
Scientific Invention and Human Responsibility in Frankenstein: A Techno-Ethical Perspective
Abstract: Man’s responsibility towards a scientific invention is one of the central themes of Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein. In a kind of trial, the English novelist confronts the scientist and his invention on the issue of responsibility. The pleadings of the two main characters (Victor Frankenstein and the Monster) suggest the urgency of establishing responsibilities as to a number of murders and injuries committed by the Monster invented by Victor. My analysis proceeded as follow: first I explored the semantics of responsibility from a legal-ethical perspective. Then I showed the responsibility of the scientist through Victor, the protagonist. Finally, I discussed the responsibility of the Monster, as a scientific invention, in the various murders with the purpose of justifying the collective responsibility of the human community.
Keywords: Human Intelligence, Invention, Murder, Responsibility and Scientist.
Lexico-Grammatical Analysis of Three Excerpts Selected from Toni Morrison’s Paradise: Focus on Experiential Meaning
Abstract: Drawing on Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL), this study scrutinizes the grammar of experiential meaning, one of the three metafunctions which contribute to the functions of the clause. It aims at explaining how processes are used to make meaning in the novel under investigation. Using sampling method, three extracts have been selected from Toni Morrison’s Paradise. The findings show that material process has the highest frequency of occurrence in the novel. This implies that the participants have performed physical, real and tangible actions. The findings also reveal how Toni Morrison makes her message more impressive to the readers on the one hand, and how the context can greatly influence the process types and the interpretation of the literary discourse on the other.
Keywords: Functional Structuralism, Experiential Meaning, Transitivity, Process
Radical Islamism and the Issue of African Nation Building: a Reading of Elnathan John’s Born on a Tuesday (2015)
Abstract: Nation building in Africa is a central issue in the process of African self-determination. This paper interrogates the representation and the critique of radical Islamism as a religious identity to set up an African nation. The investigation based on social identity theory, shows that Islamic fanaticism, in Elnathan John’s Born on a Tuesday, objectifies the individuals by holding them in a logic of political, economic and religious predation. It is therefore argued that the Nigerian author defends an ideology of consensus that promotes religious diversity in the project of nation building.
Keywords: Africa, Nation Building, Identity, Islam, Radicalism
Language Repertoire in the City of Ouagadougou: The Case of Working-Class Neighborhoods
Abstract: This study is interested to language and urbanization of Ouagadougou’s city. The proportion observed in the linguistics behavior of people of this city seems varied in each district. Is the lodged district influences the using of languages? By answer, the lodged district influences the using of languages. In the popular districts, some dissimilarities of language’s repertoire are indicated through at sociolinguistics’ level. The study intends to determinate linguistics’ behaviors of people of popular districts. It enters in urban sociolinguistics of Bulot (2003). It consists to analyze how the speech and space’s practical can remodel linguistics’ behavior of responsible. The information’s processes of picking are the questionnaire, interview and observation of linguistics behaviors.
Keywords: Language Repertoire, Linguistics Behaviors, People, City, Popular Districts
ADRAO and the Development of Rice Cultivation in West Africa (1971–2009)
Abstract: One of the problems hindering the development of almost all West African countries is food self-sufficiency. Set up in 1971, with a view to developing rice cultivation and ensuring self-sufficiency in rice in the West African space, the Association for the Development of Rice Cultivation in West Africa (WARDA) has put its expertise serving member countries. This, through the growing role of the relevance and actions of training, projects in rice development and the creation of new varieties of rice seeds. However, some problems remain unfulfilled, namely the persistence of rice imports and the hunger crisis in some member countries. This article, the aim of which is to analyze the technical, financial and social contributions of WARDA for the development of rice cultivation and self-sufficiency in rice in the West African space, is based on the comparison and cross-checking of sources. oral, archival and scientific sources.
Keywords: WARDA, NERICA, AfricaRice, Rice Cultivation, West Africa, Development.
Environmental Balance in the Era of Globalization: A Personalist Perspective
Abstract: Globalization is a form of planetary economic system that has taken on worrying proportions with the advent of technical and technological progress, resulting in acrimonious competition between the actors of the world market. This has led to an increase in industrial production as each firm wants to produce better and stifle the others in order to see them disappear from the market. It must be said that the increase in production has also had consequences on the environment, which are revealed by the degradation of biodiversity, by the often toxic waste deposits in some places of the planet and by the pollution of the air and water, as well as by the ugliness of nature. Among other solutions to these inhuman behaviors towards our environment, perspectives of gender, respect for biodiversity, the introduction of pollution tax to minimize the actions of environmental pollution and the implementation of the policy of sustainable development, based on a personalist education aimed at the training of the person to a responsible existence vis-à-vis its environment, have been considered.
Keywords: Globalization, Technical, Technological, Environment, Education
Onto-Theology and the Forgetting of Being: Revisiting the Concept
Abstract: Insofar as it culminates in the Absolute and tends to reduce Being to the religious being, Heidegger qualifies Hegelian thought of onto-theology. Considering that ontology theology does not admit what should be called “the ontological difference” and that it consecrates in a certain way the occultation of Being in its un-celestial truth, the black forest Philosopher embarks again on the path of thought in an attempt to locate the original site of Being as the presence of the present. In this sense, he intends to distinguish the source region from the Being of the supreme being (God), and by ricochet delimit the metaphysical domain by re-visiting the concept of Being as such.
Keywords: God, Ontological difference, Being, Unthought, Onto-theology, Forgetting Being, Re-petition.
Outlining a Solution-Oriented Approach for an Africa Losing Its Cultural Values
Abstract: African values undergo, by their opening to the foreign cultures, an influence which does not stops dragging them toward adrift world. If the coming back to the old traditions with their rituals, their endless discussions, their cults, brief their values are no more possible, let’s keep in mind that the young people are more minded of the foreign values that the internationalization effects impose. This is how ethics, the neighbor’s love, solidarity and humanism, once considered like priority of the priorities in terms of values, are endangered to the profit of a world without heart. Today, the African traditional values appear in proceedings, either to celebrate them, either to regret that they are not anymore what they were some years ago. Even though we are conscious that the coming back to these values of yesteryear is impossible because of the outside influences in the context of accelerated internationalization these last decades, it is possible at least to take a certain number of measures aiming to protect these values regarding the ontological point of view despite their opening to the foreign cultures. In other words, it is possible that the opening of the African values to the other cultures does not affect their authenticity completely if the transmission and protective measures of these values are adequate
Keywords: Authenticity, Cultures, Influence, Measures, African Values.
Political Governance and the Test of Collective Interest in Africa: A Machiavellian Approach
Abstract: If we agree that there is no human being who resigns himself to death without showing any startle or instinct for survival, then Africa, compared to this human being, has been waging a fight against death since colonial times until today. She thus refuses to let herself die by her own doing or by that of the West, which has no other ambition than to accompany her in this socio-political agony. African political governance will have no other choice than the dynamic search for a life that would promote the emergence of the African continent. But this path, the best indicated which could breathe new life into it, is none other than the quest for the collective interest, to the detriment of the individual and the egocentric. In this, the necessary assumption of a virtuous prince can avoid the tragedy of the commons in the Machiavellian sense.
Keywords: Good Governance – Collective Interest – Moral – Ethics – Education – Sustainable Development – Security.
Emergence and Recognition: At the Heart of the Problematic of the Self and the Other in Emmanuel Levinas’s Thought
Abstract: The term emergence is used much more nowadays and in particular in the media. The meaning attributed to it seems to be reducible to the economic order. In this specific context, emergence is often employed despite the existence of appalling human misery. However, in its essential dimension, emergence, understood as a profusion of values, unfolds in a life of proximity, of recognition that the ethical relationship between the Same and the Other requires in Emmanuel Levinas. This ethics of the relation which he proposes, it seems, that the front on which a substantial thought of emergence can be ensured for the radiance of the human being.
Keywords: Other, Emergence, Human, Same, Politics, Proximity.
The “Patriotism/Clean Weapons” Couple: The Gordian Knot of Political Freedom in Machiavelli’s Thought
Abstract: The trait that can be seen in almost all the political systems is that the survival of the state cannot be conceived without the no less important question of its independence. This would explain why the ancient Greco-Roman states, in particular, considered the relationship of the state to freedom with the most precious care. For N. Machiavelli, who is openly situated in this dynamic quest for luminous prestige and the safe honor of the State, it is only through the diligent and recursive recourse to dissuasive weapons that the freedom of the State could acquire in a sustainable way; which freedom is invested in its political agenda as an exhortation to patriotism, which takes its solid foundations in the mastery of so-called clean weapons. In the background, the project that the present exegesis aims to achieve is to demonstrate that the State can certainly only enjoy its autonomy, through the mastery of a revolutionary military art of which the Florentine outlines the framework through the Ordinanza of 1506, a kind of militia essentially made up of patriot soldiers, and aimed at defending the Italian principalities.
Keywords : Auxiliary Weapons – Mercenary Weapons – Clean Weapons – War – Political Freedom – Patriotism
Military Reforms and Security Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa in Light of Machiavelli’s Political Project
Abstract: The upsurge in violence in sub-Saharan Africa makes the security issue a major concern. In an irrevocably globalized context, how does the leader go about conceptualizing the holistic conditions for the security emergence of his state? Is it by strengthening military and political reforms? The Machiavellian military science instructing the promotion of defense and security forces, effective and citizen, can serve as a paradigm for the reform of sub-Saharan African armed forces. It will be a question of demonstrating, under the inspiration of Machiavellian nationalism, that the communication between the politician and the military, favors the emergence of the true security of the State, the territory, the people and the goods.
Keywords: State, Political balance, Freedom, Military Reform, Security, Sovereignty
Muslims and Political Power in Côte d’Ivoire: Between Collaboration and Instrumentalization (1990–2011)
Abstract: The multi-party system in 1990 was marked by lively socio-political rivalries in Côte d’Ivoire, with the important role of Muslim guides. Thus, it is established the personal commitment of certain imams in the creation and implementation of the Rally of Republicans (RDR). These guides present themselves as symbols of an emerging civil society through religious discourse. Generally, they become mediators at a time when the multi-party system causes crises. This article shows their role in easing social tensions. However, for personal interests, they are also instrumentalized.
Keywords: Muslims, Power, Politics, Côte d’Ivoire, Collaboration, Instrumentalisation
Biography of Assou, a High Dignitary of the Kingdom of Sahé (1704–1733)
Abstract: The author traces the life and work of a great dignitary of the Kingdom of Sahé named Assou. Thanks to the stories left by some European travelers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, he describes a handsome tall man, with a positive spirit. Generous and loyal, he is very attentive to the care of his family. On behalf of the royal power, he deals with external relations and is in intimacy of the monarch. A very influential minister, he is entitled to public honors and is adulated by French merchants. On the death of King Ayisan on October 8, 1708, it was he who forced the enthronement of young Houffon. However, undermined by internal divisions, the Houeda Kingdom was invaded in 1727 by the soldiers of Danxomè. Assou then enters into resistance and ends up losing his life on June 15, 1733. The death of the king of the Houeda, which occurred a few days after that of Assou is evocative of the complicity that existed between them and links that united them. Responding to the complaints recorded today because of the loss of values and landmarks in Beninese society, this article materializes in writing the memory of a character marked by bravery, patriotism, the effort of collective progress and the spirit of self-sacrifice.
Keywords: Biography, Assou, Civil Servant, Kingdom of Sahé.
The Role of Cultural and Creative Industries in Border Management and Cross-Border Mobility in West Africa: The Case of Nigeria’s Nollywood
Abstarct: Nollywood’s economic clout has been recognized for more than a decade. In 2013, Colleyn (2013: 2) said: “the nigerian video industry now accounts for $290 million annually and some 300,000 people live from it: Since 2005, Nollywood has become the world’s third-largest film production center, after Hollywood and Bollywood. This article aims to elucidate, on the basis of Nollywood, the impact of the film industry on the Nigerian-Beninese border. And to achieve this goal, a sample of thirty (30) informants is made up of ten (10) cinema professionals, ten (10) cinephiles, ten (10) specialists in development, crisis management related to the mobility of people and goods, based on the techniques and tools that are: literature search (reading sheet), direct observation (observation grid) and interviews (interview guide). Thus, of a qualitative nature, this research was based on the interactionist analysis model of E. Goffman (1968) and combined with the strategic analysis theory of M. Crozier and E. Friedberg (1977) to analyze the different results obtained. Data processing and retrieval techniques are processed manually and analyzed by the thematic content analysis method. Overall, the results show that Nollywood is one of the most widely used means to provide effective solutions to problems related to mobility and cross-border crisis management between Benin and Nigeria.
Keywords: Cultural and Creative Industries, Cross-Border Mobility, Security, Nollywood
History of the Saint Gabriel Parish of Botro (1969–2020)
Abstract: Botro is a locality in the northern part of the Baule region. This locality received the visit of missionaries late in life. It was in 1969 that the parish was established. It was the work of missionaries from Bouaké who benefited from external support. The establishment was not easy because the site allocated to them was difficult to access. Despite the difficulties, the missionaries succeeded in achieving their objective of establishing the parish. They used effective methods and strategies to overcome the fetishistic population. As a result, several transformations took place in the society with the corollary of intensifying social cohesion.
Keywords: Social Action, Botro, Evangelisation, History, Implantation, Influence, Methods, Awareness
The Issue of the Effective Transfer of the Political and Administrative Capital to Yamoussoukro (Côte d’Ivoire): 1983–2017
Abstract: The political and administrative capital of Côte d’Ivoire since March 21, 1983, Yamoussoukro is still awaiting the transfer of state institutions. What are the obstacles to the transfer of state institutions to Yamoussoukro? The study aims to show that the effective transfer from the capital to Yamoussoukro is hampered by a lack of political will and a land question. The study uses written and oral sources. It highlights a law of hasty transfer. Moreover, it stresses the existence of a thorny land problem that prevents the delimitation of the Administrative and Political Zone and the purging of land rights. It also shows that the dissolution of the transfer programme is a major factor in the failure of the transfer from the capital to Yamoussoukro.
Keywords: Administration, Capital, Politics, Transfer, Yamoussoukro.
The Law Enforcement Corps in Togo: Creation, Reorganizations, and Roles (1884–1946)
Abstract: The objective of this article is to show how the emergence and the formation of this socio-professional category accentuated the colonial domination in Togo from 1884 to 1946. Indeed, it appears that to mark their presence and to keep in obedience the colonized populations of which one could fear an uprising, the colonial powers created a security force on the spot that could allow them to dominate and exercise their authority over the African populations. In Togo, the situation was not different either. Although initially their role was almost limited to the internal and external protection of the colony, law enforcement and security agents eventually established themselves as an indispensable force.
Keywords: Dark Force, War, Troops, Authority, Security
History of the Vogan Chieftaincy, from Assigblé Adra (1890?) to Jacob Kalipé (1982)
Abstract: At the beginning of German colonization, the chieftaincy of Vogan was assured by Assigblé Adra. The latter appointed notables in each district under his jurisdiction, including Paul Kalipé. Kalipé eventually became the chief and was invested by Germans in 1898. He died on June 5, 1951 after leading his community for 53 years. His succession caused a real problem among his sons. The French colonizers got involved, seeking to impose a contender of their choice. The eldest son of the deceased chief, Ferdinand Kalipé, was an advocate of the Comité de l’unité togolaise (a political party that advocated immediate independence for Togo). The French rejected him and chose Jacob Akpasso Kalipé, the youngest son of Paul Kalipé and a staunch supporter of the pro-French Parti Togolais pour le Progrès (PTP). The population, especially the youth, who massively supported Ferdinand’s candidacy, opposed the French choice. There were violent clashes between the two camps, with deaths, injuries and arrests.
Keywords: Chieftaincy, Vogan, Settlers, Conflicts, Damage.
The Hierarchization of Television News in Congo (Brazzaville)
Abstract: This article focuses on the prioritization of television news in Congo in a context marked by the liberation of the media field and on the other hand, by the will of the Government to keep a stranglehold on the media sector. It is based on a corpus made up of 6 summaries and 6 current affairs conductors from 2015 to 2017 from the Congo TV and DRTV channels. Our investigations show that Congo TV favors presidential and government events, while DRTV aligns itself with the territory of proximity with a multi-thematic tendency. These results are justified by the television environment under state influence in Congo.
Keywords: Hierarchy, Television News, Congo-Brazzaville, Institutional, Proximity